If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. The laboratory handbook viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes offers guidelines and tips for the practical everyday application of viscosimetry, as well as supplying a comprehensive companion for the interpretation of viscosimetric data from simple to complex polymer solutions. Once the flowtime is measured there are many options for calculations, to include. Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes werner. The terms polyelectrolyte, polymer electrolyte, and polymeric electrolyte should not be. These polymers have a similar structure to the polyamides, which have the urethane carbamate group as part of the polymer backbone. Summary of hydrophobic polyelectrolytes hydrophobic polyelectrolytes at low concentrations are similar to hydrophilic ones. Ppt theories of polyelectrolytes powerpoint presentation. Addition polymers the monomer molecules bond to each other without the loss of any other atoms. Polymer characterization using liquid chromatography with. Polyelectrolytes can be either synthetic or natural. The sulphur is present due to the amino acid cysteine. Determination of viscosity average molecular weight of. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymers.
Koehler, the glidden company, member of ici paints 16651 sprague rd. Aqueous solutions of starshaped and linear polyn,ndimethylaminoethyl methacrylate by felix a. Polyelectrolyte properties are thus similar to both electrolytes and polymers high molecular weight compounds and are sometimes called polysalts. In our own earlier investigations 11,12 we had demonstrated the use of pyrenelabeled polymers to study polymer surfactant interactions and interpoiymer complexations. In the present paper, viscometric properties of wellde. Osmotic coefficient and counterion condensation qi liao, andrey v. Mol w dist vapor phase osmometry to 4x10 4 viscometry relative to. Viscometry is the simplest technique used to study the macromolecules in solution and determine their molecular weight. Determination of the average molecular weight of polymers. Yau axial dispersion correction for the goldwasser method of absolute polymer mn. Determination of the molecular weight of a polymer from intrinsic viscosity measurements fig.
Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymer structures university tennessee, dept. The viscometric behavior of poly1vinyl2pyrrolidonecomaleic acid samples of different molecular mass values determined by absolute methods 1,2 was studied in dilute saltfree aqueous. The small buildingblock molecules are called monomers. There are three different types based on the structure of the polymers. Theory of polyelectrolytes in solutions and at surfaces. Advincula university of houston polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles. The focus of viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes goes beyond an extended introduction by addressing experimental requirements and a comprehensive interpretation. Determination of polymerpolymer miscibility by viscometry. Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes springer laboratory kindle edition by kulicke, wernermichael, clasen, christian. The increase in viscosity is caused by strong internal friction between the randomly coiled and swollen macromolecules and the surrounding solvent molecules. Mark, university of cincinnati published by oxford university press the online version of the polymer data handbook includes key data on over two hundred polymers. Viscosity is an internal property of a fluid that offers resistance to flow. Determine the viscosity average molecular weight of a polymer.
Recent advances in the characterization and analysis of. Biopolymers can be complex and nice introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymer structures university tennessee, dept. The technique is based on the fact that dissolving a polymer in a solvent increases the viscosity of the final polymer solution. Like salts, their solutions are electrically conductive. The second criterion was novel applicationsa polymer that is promising. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Electrochemical measurements alongside theoretical calculations indicate notably low. Physical chemistry 2, chemical center, university of lund. The method is derived from the classical huggins equation, and rests on the validity of an addivity law pertaining to intrinsic viscosity.
Condensation polymers usually two different monomer combme with the loss of a small molecule, usually water. Polimer makromolekul ch2 ch chain g styrenebuta diene rubber. The characterization typically has as a goal to improve the performance of the material. A single polymer molecule may consist of hundreds to a million monomers. The polyelectrolyte itself is the least abundant species by number of molecules in a dilute solution. Mepe polymer is measured by using viscometer and the molecular weight obtained by this technique is called viscosity average molecular weight. Polyelectrolyte solution rheology partially quaternized poly2vinyl pyridine in ethylene glycol cc reduces all polyelectrolyte specific viscosity data on dilute and semidilute unentangled solutions to a common functional form with for and with for s. The back bones of common synthetic polymers such as polythene, polystyrene and poly acrylates are made up of carboncarbon bonds, whereas hetero chain polymers such as polyamides, polyesters, polyurethanes, polysulfides and polycarbonates have other elements e. Familiar examples of crosslinked polymers are bakelite, rubber, and casting boat resin. Amphoteric character of polyelectrolyte complex particles. In the past it was often thought that polyelectrolyte solutions were almost impossible to measure reproducibly by light scattering, especially at low ionic strength.
At ph values close to the pka, all pdmaema stars studied here are partially charged and show a core. Harris wright state university, dayton, oh 45435 polymers are extremely large molecules that are essential to our very existence. Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes springer. The species in solutions are analyzed by light scattering, viscometry and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy cryo. These groups dissociate in aqueous solutions water, making the polymers charged. Recent advances in the characterization and analysis of polymers and polymer particles by size exclusion chromatography. A single polymer molecule may consist of hundreds to a million monomers and may have a linear, branched, or network structure. Properties of hydrophobic polyelectrolytes at concentrations higher than string overlap are even more unusual. The viscosity behavior of these polymers in water and in the presence of added nacl was typical of that of polyelectrolytes. The material has been completely reorganized and expanded to include important new topics and provide a coherent platform for teaching and learnin. Dilute solution viscosity measurements are one of the workhorse methods of the polymer characterization laboratory. Dilute solution viscometry is a wellknown analytical technique in polymer chemistry for characterizing polymers in solution. Many methods are available for measuring viscosity of polymer solution.
Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. The conformation of these polymers in solutions strongly depends on the distribution of charged monomers along the polymer backbone and their environment. Isotachophoresis and viscometric measurements were performed on aqueous dispersions of nonstoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes in order to elucidate the surface charge situation of the complex particles in dependence on component charge density, ratio of cationic to anionic groups in the complex, and ph and ionic strengths of the ambient medium. Viscometry is to this day an easy accessible but at the same time significant analytical method for the characterization of polymers in solution and is therefore widely used in pharmaceutical, medical and polymer processing industries as well as in research institutes and universities. Feb 09, 2004 this laboratory handbook offers clear guidelines and tips for the practical everyday application of viscosimetry, as well as supplying a comprehensive companion for the interpretation of viscosimetric data from simple to complex polymer solutions. For those samples, online viscometry may be used without mals to. A novel approach is developed to determine polymerpolymer miscibility by viscometry. Analysis of linear and branched polyethylene glycols via gpc. Thus, this quantity describes the effect of completely separated polymer chains on the solution viscosity. Polymer characterization using liquid chromatography with evaporative lightscattering detection g.
Silk is a polymer of the amino acids glycine and alanine wool is having disulphide sulphursulphur bonds to link the polymer chains together. Determination of the molecular weight of a polymer from. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes springer laboratory. To select the type and to determine the performances, especially in studies of polyelectrolytes application as agents of flocculation, represents the aim of the article. A variety of synthetic polymers as plastic polythene, synthetic fibres nylon 6,6 and synthetic rubbers buna s are examples of manmade polymers extensively used in daily life as well as in industry. Powell in work published previously, the viscosity ot a polymer or polymer solution has been expressed in terms of the polymer molecular weight distribution and a new parameter x which is characteristic ot the species of polymer. These groups dissociate in aqueous solutions, making the polymers charged. The specific field of viscometry covers ideally viscous fluids, and considering certain restrictions also viscoelastic liquids, i. Fundamentals of polymer chemistry pdf 48p download book.
Polyelectrolytes are polymers whose repeating units bear an electrolyte group. Chem355 experiment 6 viscosity of high polymer solutions a polymer is a large molecule macromolecule composed of many simple units that are called repeating units. Viscometry measurements in m dh,aentolm hf, 20 comparison with linear poly2vinylpyridine effect of added salt conclusions acknowledgements. Polyelectrolytes, single molecule experiments etc to probe the dynamics of polymer chains. Dilute solution viscosity testing lab polymer solutions. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Polyelectrolytes polymers with a high density of ionic groups covalently bonded along the chain properties in solution depend on. Exams exam 1 time and date will be specified very likely in late february exam 2 early part of april final exam week of april 26 student paper students have to prepare a research proposal based on the course that can be sent out for evaluation. Pdf types of polyelectrolytes used as flocculation agents. More recently, through its conjugation to different protein and.
Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes springer laboratory kulicke, wernermichael, clasen, christian on. The characterization of polymers by a viscometric method a. A viscosity study of polyelectrolytes in the presence of. Thermoinduced limited aggregation of responsive star. Polymer is defined as a chemical substance of a high molecular mass formed by the combination of a large number of simple molecules, called monomers. Viscometry of a polyacid in saltfree aqueous solution. Alfredo clemente ch 392n university of texas at austin. The characterization of polymers by a viscometric method.
S1 synthesis and properties of two cationic narrow band gap conjugated polyelectrolytes zachary b. While it is true that the scattering from polyelectrolyte solutions. Determination of molecular weight of polymers by visometry. Chemical structures of two synthetic polyelectrolytes, as. The different techniques are used for the determination of molecular weight of polymers such as gpc, light scattering, endgroup analysis, mass spectrometry, ebulliometry and cryometry etc. Polyelectrolytes are polymers carrying either positively or negatively charged ionizable groups. Linear polymers these polymers consist of long and straight chains. Chemistry notes for class 12 chapter 15 polymers the word polymer has a greek origin.
Mepe polymers by ostwald viscometry slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The general initial effect of added electrolyte is to reduce the ratio. Polyelectrolyte properties are thus similar to both electrolytes and polymers and are sometimes called polysalts. Molecular dynamics simulations of polyelectrolyte solutions. Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene uhmwpe bioabsorbable polymers polylactide, polyglycolide, polycaprolactone. Synthetic polymers are a mainstay of modern life, but nature also makes polymers. Chem355 experiment 6 viscosity of high polymer solutions. First, we characterize the polymer solutions by titration and capillary viscometry to determine the hydrodynamic radii of each dispersant as a function of architecture and ionic strength. Synthesis and properties of two cationic narrow band gap. Addition and condensation polymers can exist with a crosslinked network, depending on the monomers used in the synthesis. Polymer molecular weight measurement, special case i. The molecular weight of the polymer solution is very high so the viscosity of polymer solution is very high compared to. Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes springer laboratory. In this paper, we focus on the ph sensitive response and degrad ation behaviour of negative i.
Sep 11, 2014 determination of molecular weight of polymers by ostwald viscometry slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. Polyn,ndimethylaminoethyl methacrylate pdmaema star polyelectrolytes with dual thermo and phresponsive properties have been studied by in situ smallangle neutron scattering at different temperatures and ph conditions in order to reveal their conformational changes in semidilute solution. Polymer characterization is the analytical branch of polymer science the discipline is concerned with the characterization of polymeric materials on a variety of levels. Polymer physics and chemistry laboratory, institute of chemistry of the. Analysis of linear and branched polyethylene glycols via gpc viscometry application note introduction polyethylene glycol is a biocompatible polymer used in many different commercial products because of its low toxicity. Physical chemistry of polyelectrolytes springerlink. Molecular weight determination of polymers by viscometry. Many methods are available for measuring viscosity of polymer. This method of measurement, measures the time taken for a defined quantity of fluid to flow. Macromolecules in solution, real polymer chains, polymer chains and excluded volume effects, partial molar and partial specific quantities, florykrigbaum theory of dilute polymer solutions, staudingermarkhouwinks equation, solutions of macromolecules, ultra centrifugation.
Crosslinked polymers are formed when long chains are linked in one gigantic, 3dimensional structure with tremendous rigidity. Polyelectrolytes am omc s03 n poly styrene sulfonate pss amphoteric macrolons cationic. Quantitation in analysis of polymers by multiple detector sec bernd trathnigg use of multidetector sec for determining local polydispersity t. High molecular weight polymers greatly increase the viscosity of liquids in which they are dissolved. Fluids which flow easily show a low resistance to deformation. Background polyelectrolytes polymers with a high density of ionic groups covalently bonded along the chain properties in solution depend on. The effect of various added simple electrolytes upon the solution viscosity of polymethacrylic acid and hydrolyzed polyacrylonitrile was studied.
The dsv method is applied to a very broad range of polymers and products. Supporting information to the article tuning the thermoresponsive properties of weak polyelectrolytes. Immersed in an ionic solution, a network of polyelectrolytes imbibes the. Because polyelectrolytes dissociate counterions, their solutions have at least three components. Thoroughly updated, introduction to polymers, third edition presents the science underpinning the synthesis, characterization and properties of polymers. Viscometry molecular weight is very important factor for the characterization of polymers. Dsv is a very general category of tests, all of which involve dissolving a polymer within a solvent and then measuring flow times in a viscometer. Viscostar iii innovations in online viscometry for gpc 2 certain polymers are not amenable to mals analysis, especially if they are strongly fluorescent, scatter very weakly because they are indexmatched to the solvent dndc0, or the solution is optically opaque. Degradation properties and metabolic activity of alginate. The properties of these polymers in solutions and at charged surfaces depend on the fraction of dissociated ionic groups, solvent quality for polymer backbone, solution dielectric constant, salt concentration, and polymer substrate interactions. Polymers polymers are the giant molecules of chemistry. Henson, yuan zhang, thucquyen nguyen, jung hwa seo, and guillermo c. Relative viscosity, reduced viscosity, inherent viscosity, and intrinsic viscosity. Determination of viscosity average molecular weight of polymer.
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